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The improvement of emission standards will inevitably promote the development of engine technology
On December 30, 2005, Beijing took the lead in implementing the National III emission standards. On July 31, 2006, the new car in the Shanghai bus and taxi industry implemented the National III emission standard. On September 1, 2006, Guangzhou began to implement the National III emission standards. On July 1 this year, the country will fully implement the National III emission standards. By 2010, the national IV emission standards will be implemented nationwide.
The improvement of emission standards will inevitably promote the development of engine technology. For gasoline engines, because the technology is relatively mature and has post-processing, it is not difficult to meet current emission standards. For diesel engines, most of them are still mechanical fuel systems, and diesel engine direct injection technology has a short history. Therefore, the engine must be redesigned to meet emission standards. At present, most of China adopts imported technology to meet the current emission standards (National III), but some enterprises are conducting independent research and development, such as China FAW Wuxi Oil Pump Nozzle Research Institute and Chengdu Witt. Under the stricter emission standards, in addition to the electronically controlled fuel system, many new technologies have been introduced into the engine. Ricardo, the world-renowned automotive research and development organization, recommends engine technology requirements at various emission stages, from which it can be seen that the common rail system is one of the most inherited and sustainable fuel injection systems due to its unique advantages.
High pressure common rail system has been widely used abroad
After the development of the diesel fuel injection system from mechanical control to electronically controlled systems, the electronic injection system has undergone three changes, namely the positional fuel injection system, the time fuel injection system and the time-pressure fuel injection system (common rail system). The high pressure common rail system realizes the separation of the pressure establishment and the injection process, so that the control process is more flexible, and the precise control of the small oil quantity can be realized more accurately, and the multiple injection is better realized.
Since the Japanese company Denso published the ECD-U2 high-pressure common rail system paper in 1991, foreign fuel system manufacturers have invested huge amounts of money and manpower to develop the common rail system. In 1995, Bosch announced a high-pressure common rail system for passenger cars. It uses a radial piston rotor type oil supply pump, and the injector solenoid valve uses a ball valve structure. At present, the Bosch common rail system has been used in European passenger cars and light-duty diesel engines, such as the German Daimler-Benz C series sedan, the Italian Alfa Remeo156 sedan, and the Volkswagen Audi 3.3L V8 turbocharged diesel engine. Duramax6600 diesel engine jointly produced by American General Motors and Japan Isuzu Co., Ltd. and ISBe3.9L and 5.9L fully electronically controlled diesel engine of Cummins Inc. of the United States. Delphi and Siemens introduced the Multec DCR 1400 common rail system in 1998 and 2000 respectively, using a radial piston rotor type oil pump. Delphi's injector solenoid valve is designed in the injector to make the injector more compact. Compact; Siemens injectors use piezoelectric actuators with shorter response times; and the first generation of ECD-U2 developed by Nippon Denso in 1991, and matched Hino's J08C diesel engine and Isuzu's 6HK1 in 1995. After years of improvement and improvement, the latest products have been used in the ECD-U2P system of cars.
At present, the application of common rail fuel injection system is very common. Bosch has produced 25 million sets of common rail systems, and invested in a technology center and factory in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, to achieve localized production. Great Wall Motor and Bosch have developed high-pressure common rail diesel engines. In addition, Audi, Mercedes-Benz, Huatai and other brands have also introduced cars with common rail systems. Some universities, research institutes and enterprises in China have also achieved unique research results through cooperation or independent research and development, and dozens of patents have been published. Therefore, China has accumulated certain experience in electronically controlled direct injection diesel engines, but in general there is still a gap with foreign countries, mainly reflected in the quality control of manufacturing processes and mass production. In addition, the relevant supporting system of the domestic common rail system is not perfect, and some parts and components are also dependent on imports, such as single-chip chips and common rail pressure sensors.
Foreign companies and Chinese companies have no absolute advantage in competition
Compared with gasoline engines, the gap between domestic and electronically controlled diesel engines is relatively small. This is due to two reasons: First, most of the original diesel engine vehicles in China have their own brands. Second, the comfort requirements of China's diesel engine vehicles are not high, and the prices are low. The competition between foreign companies and Chinese companies is not dominant.
As emission standards increase, diesel engines must use electronically controlled injection systems. At present, domestic diesel electronic control systems mainly have common rails, single pumps, etc. Compared with foreign advanced technologies, although they do not have the same strength, the development momentum is good. For example, the common rail system developed by Wuxi Oil Pump Nozzle Research Institute has been used in Wuxi public transportation, and there are a large number of enterprises engaged in the research and development of electronically controlled diesel engines in China. Therefore, the domestic electronically controlled diesel engine market will certainly make a difference in the future. The prices offered by foreign companies are relatively high, and the supply price depends on the batch. Under the premise that the batch of electronically controlled diesel engines in China is still small, it is difficult for them to get a satisfactory price.
At the same time, in terms of after-sales service and spare parts supply, the domestic independent brand system also has obvious advantages. The competitiveness of domestically-developed electronically controlled fuel system is mainly reflected in the following aspects: First, the price is cheap and the economic batch is small. Secondly, for light truck products, the common rail technology can be matched in the case of small batch size, and the PM type inline pump + electronic governor + cooling EGR scheme with high injection pressure can be selected, which is also our advantage. Also, for medium and heavy-duty vehicles, technical routes such as common rail and single pump have been implemented in the national phase III.
Of course, there are still many challenges in the domestic electronically controlled diesel engine system, such as the immature manufacturing process and small batch size; the fuel quality is difficult to guarantee; the level of diesel aftertreatment technology is not high. But these will change over time and will soon be resolved.
The situation of high-pressure common rail technology being monopolized by foreign capital has been broken
The increasingly serious energy crisis has become the focus of the global internal combustion engine industry, and diesel engines are increasingly favored by users. Compared with gasoline engines, diesel engines have many advantages: they can reduce CO2 emissions by 20%~25%, and the acceleration performance is better when the vehicle speed is lower. The average fuel consumption is 25%~30%, which can provide more driving pleasure. Therefore, some people have boldly predicted the development trend of diesel engines in global automobile production, and divided the proportion of diesel engines in the world's automobile production by region. However, diesel engine emissions control is a difficult point compared to gasoline engines. In order to meet emission standards, the advanced fuel injection system of diesel engine--high pressure common rail technology has become the focus of attention in the industry. In the past few years, high-pressure common rail technology was dominated by foreign capital, and this situation has now been broken.