Lead zinc ore beneficiation general to go through the integration of rich ore to the smelting of lead, zinc metal products. The ore technology processing and smelting test is an important part of geological exploration work and one of the important basis for evaluating whether the deposit can be used for commodity ore development. Therefore, the ore optional test must be carried out during the geological exploration process. In the detailed investigation or preliminary survey stage, the laboratory preliminary optional test should be generally carried out, and detailed optional tests should be carried out in the preliminary survey or detailed survey stage. When large or medium-sized or super-large deposits with large ore content is complex and have great comprehensive utilization value, in addition to detailed optional tests, laboratory-scale expansion tests are also required when necessary. For certain ore types, laboratory smelting tests are also required when the ore dressing method fails to obtain qualified concentrate products or if monomer separation is not possible. In recent years, China's mineral processing technical and economic indicators are shown in the table below. Lead-zinc ore smelting method: Lead-sulphide concentrate is the main mineral raw material for lead smelting. The smelting methods are fire method and wet method. At present, the fire method is the main method, and the wet method is at the experimental research stage. The pyrometallurgical lead is subjected to sintering roasting-blast furnace melting, reaction smelting, precipitation smelting and the like. The refining of lead is mainly by fire refining, followed by electrolytic refining.
Tungsten carbide roller has characteristics of good wear resistance, high temperature red hardness, thermal fatigue resistance and thermal conductivity and high strength , have been widely used in high-speed wire rod, bar, rebar, seamless steel tubes, etc. Domestic production of tungsten carbide roller materials mostly WC- Co, WC- Co- Ni- Cr two series, and the content of Co, Co- Ni - Cr is in the range of 6wt% ~ 30wt%. From the use of perspective, tungsten carbide rollers has good mechanical properties, its flexural strength up to 2200 MPa or more, shock toughness up (4 ~ 6) × 10^6 J/ m^2, Rockwell hardness (HRA) is up to 78 to 90, widely in the high-speed wire rod rolling process, which is much higher than single-slot chilled cast steel or high speed steel rolls.Tungsten carbide is made of Tungsten Carbide Powder and binder phase (such as drilling, nickel, etc.), and then pressing and sintering, regardless of the conditions under cold rolled or hot rolled has excellent wear resistance, tungsten carbide rollers has been widely used in pre-finishing mill and finishing of high-speed wire rod currently. On the performance of tungsten carbide roller in hot-rolling wire rod , the material must meet the following requirements:
Tungsten carbide roller material design
Tungsten carbide roller category
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Before conducting the ore optional test, the ore material composition should be studied first, the ore type should be classified, the state of occurrence of the element should be ascertained, the mineral type, the ore structure and the grain size characteristics of the ore should be identified, and a reasonable process flow should be provided for the ore dressing test. in accordance with.
The lead-zinc ore industrial type is divided into sulfide ore (lead or zinc oxidation rate <10%), oxidized ore (lead or zinc oxidation rate >30%), mixed ore according to the ore oxidation degree. (Lead or zinc oxidation rate 10% to 30%). Press different ore useful components, can be divided into lead ore, zinc ores, zinc ore, copper, lead and zinc ores, sulfur, lead and zinc ores, copper, lead and zinc ores sulfur, tin-lead ore, lead ore, antimony, zinc, copper ore and the like . According to different ore structure, it can be divided into disseminated ore, dense block ore, breccia ore, strip ore, fine vein disseminated ore.
When the metallurgical department needs to be sorted according to the ore type, mining, sorting (smelting), and can be circled on the geological section and connected to the adjacent sections, the distribution range should be circled and the reserves should be calculated separately.
The beneficiation test of lead-zinc ore, depending on the type of ore, selects different beneficiation methods. Sulfide ore is usually floated. The oxidized ore is flotation by flotation or re-election with flotation, or after flotation by sulphide roasting, or after re-election, treatment with sulphuric acid and then flotation. For lead-zinc ore containing polymetallics, a general beneficiation method such as magnetic-floating, heavy-floating, heavy-magnetic-floating is generally used.
Regardless of the type of ore, or the method of mineral processing and its process, the concentrate grade should conform to the current non-ferrous metal industry standard promulgated by the state, namely the lead concentrate standard YS/T319-1997 (instead of YS/T319-94). Zinc concentrate standard YS/T320-1997 (instead of YS/T320-94), see the table below. 
Zinc sulfide concentrate is the main mineral raw material for zinc smelting, as well as fire and wet smelting. Fire smelting uses vertical tank distillation, flat tank distillation or electric furnace; wet zinc smelting has developed rapidly in the past 20 years and has become the main method of zinc smelting. The crude zinc obtained by the pyrometallurgical zinc is refined or directly applied by distillation; and the electrolytic zinc obtained by the wet zinc smelting is of high quality and does not require refining.
For difficult-to-separate lead-zinc sulfide concentrates, it is generally treated by a closed blast furnace smelting method that simultaneously produces lead and zinc. For the extremely difficult to sort lead oxide zinc mixed mine, China has a unique treatment method, that is, the lead or zinc mixed ore or its enriched product is sintered in a blast furnace after sintering or pelletizing to obtain crude lead and lead. The zinc melting furnace slag is further fumed in a fuming furnace to obtain a zinc oxide product, and zinc is obtained by wet zinc smelting. In addition, zinc oxide products can be obtained by direct smouldering in a rotary kiln.
China's lead and zinc concentrate products are rich in associated components, which have been comprehensively recovered in the smelting process, and the economic benefits are considerable. Comprehensive recovered lead smelting copper, sulfur, zinc, gold, silver, platinum group metals, bismuth, thallium, cadmium, selenium, tellurium, and other products. Sulphur, lead, copper, gold, silver, indium , gallium , antimony , cadmium, cobalt , antimony, mercury and other products are recovered in the smelting of zinc.
1. Sufficient anti-fracture strength;
2. Good abrasion resistance;
3. The smooth surface finish;
4. Excellent corrosion resistance, thermal fatigue, thermal cracking performance.
Tungsten carbide roller rings can working in bad conditions , small profile rolling (especially rebar rolling) process conditions is harsher than the high-speed wire rod, and therefore corresponds to the profile rolling ,tungsten carbide rollers recommend using high binder phase carbide.
Pre-finishing all vehicles roller should ensure its high toughness, strength, rigidity and thermal conductivity, followed before considering its wear resistance. When designing each vehicles roller, pre-finishing materials should choose carbide grades of Co, Co- Ni- Cr binder content is high (greater than or equal to 25wt%) , requiring an average WC grain size of coarse (5μm ~ 6μm), to obtain a higher shock toughness, proper strength and hardness. For the finishing of the roller movements, particularly the last two rollers of the finish rolling, which suffered load is small, and high relative velocity of the material to be pressed (80 m / min ~ 120 m / min). In this case, the wear resistance of the roller to be the most important requirements, and must ensure the strength , timpact toughness and hardness of a reasonable match, so the binder of Co / Ni content ratio and the average grain WC control of particle size and other factors must have greater control in front of different pre-finishing rolling roll.
According to the structure of tungsten carbide rollers, it can be divided into solid tungsten carbide roller and composite tungsten carbide roller. Solid tungsten carbide rollers have been widely used in pre-finishing and finishing stands high speed wire rod mill (including fixed reducing the rack, pinch roller rack). Composite tungsten carbide roller is made of cemented carbide and other materials, and it can be divided into tungsten carbide composite roll rings and solid tungsten carbide composite roller. Tungsten carbide composite roll rings mounted on the roller shaft; solid tungsten carbide composite roller will be directly cast in the roll axis to form a whole, a large load is applied to the rolling mill.
Tungsten carbide rollers produced by powder metallurgy method, the key to its process control is the chemical composition of the material and the mixture was prepared, pressed molding, sintering and deep processing and other preparation process parameters.
1. Preparation of starting material (WC focus quality): As the WC raw material and quality control of the use of different levels of quality may fluctuate, resulting in adverse effects on microstructure.
2. Preparation of the mixture: Mixture preparation is the key to the production process of the roller, the roller of failure modes - trachoma, mainly generated by this procedure.
3. Pressing: roller pressing is an important process of the roller mill.
4. Sintering: roller sintering is to determine the final quality of the roller production processes, use of advanced low-pressure sintering technology, HIP sintering technology can greatly improve the performance of roller.
5. Deep processing: deep processing rollers have a greater impact on the quality and accuracy of the roller surface.
Lead and zinc beneficiation and processing technology