Copper and copper alloy surface treatment method

[ Method 1] Common solvents for degreasing: trichloroethylene, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl acetate.
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Method 2] Sand blasting or sanding cloth is roughened and then degreased.
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Method 3] in the following solution at 25
-30 °C Immersion for 1 min ; concentrated sulfuric acid 8 concentrated nitric acid   25 water   17 then washed, at 50 -60 °C Dry down.
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Method 4] in the following solution at 60
-70 °C Immersion for 10 min : concentrated sulfuric acid   40 4.5 Water 38 Iron sulfate is then washed with water, 60 -70 °C Dry down.
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Method 5] in the following solution at 25
-30 °C Under immersion for 10-15 min : concentrated sulfuric acid   10 Cr 5 weight aqueous sodium   85 then washed with water and dried at room temperature.
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Method 6] In the following solution 25
-30 °C Immersion for 1-2 min: ferric chloride 15 concentrated nitric acid   30 water   200 was then washed with water and dried at room temperature.
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Method 7] After degreasing, it was etched in the following solution for 10 min , temperature 66
-71 °C : iron sulfate 4.5 concentrated sulfuric acid 3.4 water 450 then in 20 ° C Wash in cold water for 5 min , then dip in the following solution: sodium dichromate 5 concentrated sulfuric acid 10 water 85 and then washed in cold water, immersed in ammonium hydroxide ( d = 0.85 ) for 10 min , then washed with cold water for 5 min, distilled water Net, in 40 ° C Dry down. This method is used brass and bronze process.
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Method 8] Oxidation in the following solution: potassium persulfate 1.5 sodium hydroxide 5 water 100 at 60
-70 °C After immersing for 15-20 minutes , the surface is black, and it is wiped once with carbon tetrachloride before bonding. This method is used for copper foil processing.

Food Grade Phosphate

Food grade phosphate refers to a group of phosphates that are used in the food industry as food additives. These phosphates are typically derived from phosphoric acid and are used for various purposes such as pH adjustment, flavor enhancement, moisture retention, and texture improvement in food products.
Food grade phosphates are commonly used in processed meats, poultry products, seafood, baked goods, and dairy products. They can help improve the texture and juiciness of meat products, prevent the formation of ice crystals in frozen foods, and act as a leavening agent in baked goods.
Some common types of food grade phosphates include sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, and calcium phosphate. These phosphates are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) when used in accordance with good manufacturing practices.
However, excessive consumption of food grade phosphates may have health implications, especially for individuals with kidney problems. Therefore, it is important to consume foods containing food grade phosphates in moderation and as part of a balanced diet.

Food Grade Phosphate

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